Simultaneous Feammox and anammox process facilitated by activated carbon as an electron shuttle for autotrophic biological nitrogen removal

• The autotrophic nitrogen removal combining Feammox and Anammox was achieved. • Activated carbon can be used as an electron shuttle to enhance Feammox activity. • Fe(III) was reduced to Fe(II) and the secondary Fe(II) mineral (FeOOH) was obtained. • The iron-reducing bacteria and Anammox consortium was enriched simultaneously. Ferric iron reduction coupled with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Feammox) is a novel ferric-dependent autotrophic process for biological nitrogen removal (BNR) that has attracted increasing attention due to its low organic carbon requirement. However, extracellular electron transfer limits the nitrogen transformation rate. In this study, activated carbon (AC) was used as an electron shuttle and added into an integrated autotrophic BNR system consisting of Feammox and anammox processes. The nitrogen removal performance, nitrogen transformation pathways and microbial communities were investigated during 194 days of operation. During the stable operational period (days 126–194), the total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency reached 82.9%±6.8% with a nitrogen removal rate of 0.46±0.04 kg-TN/m³/d. The contributions of the Feammox, anammox and heterotrophic denitrification pathways to TN loss accounted for 7.5%, 89.5% and 3.0%, respectively. Batch experiments showed that AC was more effective in accelerating the Feammox rate than the anammox rate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed the presence of ferric iron (Fe(III)) and ferrous iron (Fe(II)) in secondary minerals. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that secondary iron species were formed on the surface of iron-AC carrier (Fe/AC), and Fe(III) was primarily reduced by ammonium in the Feammox process. The phyla Anaerolineaceae (0.542%) and Candidatus Magasanikbacteria (0.147%) might contribute to the Feammox process, and Candidatus Jettenia (2.10%) and Candidatus Brocadia (1.18%) were the dominative anammox phyla in the bioreactor. Overall, the addition of AC provided an effective way to enhance the autotrophic BNR process by integrating Feammox and anammox.     

Ce-Cr/硅藻土对几种低分子量有机物氧化作用的催化活性研究

考察了添加Al_2O_3对硅藻土的孔容、平均孔径及比表面的影响。并研究了负载型Ce-Cr、Ce-Cr-Mn等复合氧化物催化剂对丙酮、正丁胺、甲苯氧化反应的活性。氧化活性的顺序为:Ce-Cr-Mn-K≈Ce-Cr-Mn≈Ce-Cr>Mn>Cr>Ce。而且能够抑制正丁胺氧化过程NO_x的形成,正丁胺氧化NO_x控制能力为:Ce-Cr-Mn-K>Ce-Cr-Mn>Ce-Cr>Ce。     

无污染稳定配体铬载体试剂研究——盐酸甲胺三氧化铬/氧化铝的制备及其应用

研究了盐酸甲胺三氧化铬/氧化铝的制备方法及其在醇氧化反应中的应用,该试剂制备简单,其制备过程和应用于氧化过程中均不产生含铬废液,并且性质稳定、易贮存,对醇类的氧化高收率地得到相应的羰基化合物,反应条件温和,操作简单,提纯方便。实验结果为铬（VI）氧化剂用于清洁生产提供了科学依据。     

活性污泥1号模型废水特性的测定研究

废水的水质特性是活性污泥数学模型研究和应用的重要方面。采用呼吸计量法及常规化学分析法对污水处理厂的废水特性进行了测定,通过研究发现,污水处理厂的曝气沉砂池出水中SS占总COD的比例平均为10．49％;Xs占总COD的比例平均为14．24％;S1占总COD的比例平均为5．52％。初沉池出水中Ss占总COD的平均比例为9．62％;Xs占总COD的比例平均为16．97％;S1占总COD的比例平均为11．38％。     

活性炭吸附紫外分光光度法测定油烟挥发组分

建立了用活性炭作吸附剂、脱芳烃石油醚萃取、紫外分光光度法测定油烟挥发组分的方法。取家用抽油烟杯内的油烟气冷凝液加热到200C的样品萃取液作标准油品,在225nm处测紫外吸光值,绘制校准曲线,相关系数在0．986～0．999之间。实验样品分析结果表明,脱芳烃石油醚对样品中油烟挥发组分萃取率可达90％以上,样品测定重现率达76．7％。红外光谱分析标准油品挥发组分初步认定为烃类、卤代烃类、醇酚醚类、醛酮类、羧酸及其衍生物类、稠环杂环类和胺类等。     

活性污泥法处理炼油废水主要指标的有效控制

本文重点阐述了活性污泥法处理炼油厂废水主要指标有效控制的重要意义。详细地分析了影响这些指标的各种因素,并采取了先进的有效措施使得本厂新建污水处理场正常运行。污水处理率较高。